Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener

, means, what one needs to live. Resource is procured by instruments, and with out belief system and ideas, no culture would create and no gatherings would frame, and hence one... Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener Philosophy as indicated by Karl Marx and Louis Althusser according to Herman Mellvile’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† Philosophy is characterized as one’s certain convictions or ones way of thinking. Numerous scholars have deciphered and developed this definition in a bunch of ways. In his exposition, The German Ideology, Karl Marx considers belief system to be a camera dark, a twisting that conceals reality, that causes us to trust a certain something, yet is rearranged. He additionally considers belief system to be being the result of an age. This implies an epoch’s predominant class is the main factor in that period’s prevailing belief system. In the exposition Ideology, and Ideological State Apparatuses, Louis Althusser characterizes Ideology as a â€Å"representation of the nonexistent relationship of people to their genuine states of existence.†(2) This implies no one has confidence in something absolutely and that all convictions are concealed by ones experience. As ideas things don't work substantially, however fanciful. Althusser additionally contends that philos ophy comes consequently to every person as we are totally maneuvered into some thought of selfhood from birth, and the general thought of selfhood is a result of belief system. Herman Melville’s story, Bartleby the Scrivener is model of where these two philosophies can be broke down and talked about. Bartleby is an exceptionally eccentric character as per what is viewed as ordinary in the public eye. His chief, a legal advisor depicts himself as somebody who from â€Å"his youth upward, has been loaded up with a significant conviction that the most straightforward lifestyle is the best.† (3) This is an exemplary case of normal ideological ideas. As per Marx, the prevailing class of an age is the integral factor of the predominant thoughts of that age. Philosophy includes building up the methods for endurance, or in Marx words, means, what one needs to live. Means is gained by instruments, and with out philosophy and ideas, no culture would create and no gatherings would shape, and along these lines one...

Logical Fallacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coherent Fallacies - Essay Example She persuaded me to go to class the following day. Be that as it may, I didn't hear her out, rather, I remained in my room and avoided others. I accepted that if my family are going to see me and look, they will get sore eyes from me. What my mom did was to look through the web about my condition and search for data on the most proficient method to treat sore eyes. Following scarcely any hours, she thumped on my entryway and instructed me to go out quick. I was keeping away from her look when she said that it’s false. I didn't comprehend what she implied by that. She disclosed to me that individuals don’t get sore eyes by looking at individuals experiencing sore eyes. She legitimately took a gander at me and clarified that irritated eyes can just spread by contact of messy and polluted hands with the eyes. Hands can get tainted on the off chance that they get in contact with polluted or irresistible items and surfaces. In this manner, sore eyes are realized by viral disease and not by taking a gander at somebody with sore eyes. The ubiquity of something doesn't make it valid. It is exceptionally mainstream among kids and even in house hold that individuals get sore eyes by looking at somebody experiencing a similar contamination. It is in this manner a typical and mainstream misguided judgment among the individuals in the United States as well as in different nations. If not in light of my mother and her energy to help and persuade me to go to class, I won't discover that everything my companions and I trusted in about sore eyes were false. In this manner, the exceptionally following day I went to class. Be that as it may, it took a great deal of my day to disclose to my companions and cohorts that they won't get sore eyes by simply taking a gander at

R&D Proposal TMGT421 (R&D for HVAC Replacement) Essay

Research and development Proposal TMGT421 (R&D for HVAC Replacement) - Essay Example This paper focuses on that the HVAC frameworks are indispensable towards vitality utilizations just as warm solace particularly in the private structures. These conditions must be met by utilizing powerful and productive HVAC hardware that in this undertaking is the forced air systems. The fundamental indispensable part in vitality preservation utilizing this HVAC gear or the forced air system is the plan of the hardware, control framework, appropriation framework, and the structure envelope just as the improvement of the framework. The improvement of the productivity and adequacy of the HVAC frameworks requires elevated level of comprehension of the bury proportions in the framework issues particularly the essential building issues. Also, definite exchanges off issues identifying with the vitality protection plans must be misused completely before end are drawn and suggestion made and National Academies Press. This paper makes an end that the ideal climate control system will be planned not to run consistently for what it's worth in cools that are being utilized at present. This sympathetic of framework configuration will be accomplished through establishment or inserting indoor regulator into the home utilized climate control systems with the goal that it is consequently turns now and again the once the ideal temperatures are achieved. This changed climate control system will decrease the measure of vitality utilized in running the forced air system along these lines prompting a lot of vitality preservation. This sort of vitality preservation framework will help decrease vitality utilization rates that will reflect as low power bills.

A Little Piece of Heaven by Avenged Sevenfold free essay sample

A Little Piece of Heaven Review On the off chance that there is one band that embodies misjudged, its Avenged Sevenfold. With a harsh outside and remarkable melodic ability, Avenged Sevenfold (also called A7X) has left their blemish on the hard rock class. The nature of their tunes far surpasses numerous different gatherings, so its a disgrace that not many individuals think about them. All of their tunes has profound importance inserted in each arpeggio and vocal. All things considered, pretty much every melody. There is one specific piece by A7X that has no obvious significance, yet figures out how to be both an expressive and melodic perfect work of art. The title of the melody itself is A Little Piece of Heaven. I like to consider it the most shocking romantic tale at any point told. I will caution you, however. The verses to the tune are certainly appraised R, so its not prescribed to all crowds. We will compose a custom article test on A Little Piece of Heaven by Avenged Sevenfold or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is the means by which the story inside the tune plays out. A man is eating with his sweetheart, and he proposes to her. His better half, in any case, doesn't accept they ought to be hitched at this point, and denies his offer. This sends the man into an attack of franticness. He accepts that he may lose his sweetheart in the event that they arent married, and thusly, slaughters her. He at that point continues to remove her heart, eat it, and defile her carcass. Better believe it, similar to I stated, its got some evaluated R verses. After the entirety of this occurs, the soul of the dead sweetheart re-quickens her long dead body, and executes the person likewise to how he murdered her. Now, both the person and young lady are in Hell, and wind up meeting one another. The person clarifies why he did what he did, and the young lady offers him an opportunity to demonstrate his affection for her. The person proposes that they go to a wedding in progress, butcher the lady and groom, a nd be married themselves. The young lady concurs, and they re-enliven their carcasses by and by. Presently back in the place that is known for the living, the undead couple totally destroy a wedding in progress, and are articulated man and spouse by an undead serve. I would lie in the event that I said I didnt flinch at any rate a tad when I originally tuned in to this tune. The portrayal of the occasions that happen are finished with such clear detail that it makes you wonder, How in Gods name did they compose this? A case of this would be the line, The potential outcomes I never considered are occuring none any semblance of which Id at any point heard. Presently an irate soul returns from past the grave to re-have someone with which I got out of hand. Grinning directly from ear to ear. Nearly giggled herself to tears. I would go on, yet it would begin to get upsetting. In any case, regardless of being an altogether destroyed tune, ALPOH has some exceptionally engaging, abrasive ve rses that make it both a creative and air bit of music. Talking about climate, the melody itself must be one of the most finely made bits of music I have ever heard. A7X has consistently been know for doing large, epic pieces, and ALPOH is no special case. In contrast to the vast majority of their melodies, ALPOH is set up like a show piece, total with violins, trombones, and ensemble. The tune is eight minutes in length all out, so there is a great deal of space for music, a gracious, is ALPOH loaded up with astounding music. All the way, this melody is pressed to the limit with ensembles, symphonies, and a lot of other operatic characteristics. You may feel that with as grim as the story seems to be, the musical tone would be impeding. All things considered, its the contrary route around. The music does nothing with the exception of push the entire feel of the tune forward, and does as such in stupendous design. When tuning in to it, you truly feel spellbound by the music and verses, and nearly feel like youre tuning in to a five star orchestra by the end. The lead artist, M. Shadows, has a voice that is best depicted as a gem waiting to be dis covered. It tends to be exceptionally guttural and scratchy, or it very well may be smooth and quieting. M. Shadows practices his voice to his fullest degree in ALPOH, and he truly figures out how to catch the substance of the tune with it. There are additionally female vocals done by Shannah Crooks, who likewise figures out how to exemplify the vibe of the tune with her delightful voice. A Little Piece of Heaven is one of those uncommon tunes that is so acceptable, it truly cant be depicted with words. All the way, the tune is an outright satisfaction to tune in to, and is loaded up with dull joys and blissful frenzy. The operatic tone and astounding vocals just drive the piece further to its five star rating. Indeed, I am giving ALPOH five out of five stars. Why? Since it shows that regardless of whether you are harsh outwardly, you can be a genuine jewel within.

Things Fall Apart Novel Analysis Essay Example for Free

Things Fall Apart Novel Analysis Essay 1. Title: The title of the novel is Things Fall Apart. The title gives hinting subtleties of the book. Things self-destructing is a typical subject through the whole novel. Toward the start, Okonkwo is the one of the most acclaimed in his town since he tossed The Cat in wrestling. However, toward the end Okonkwo submits the most noticeably terrible disrespect conceivable, he murders himself. The title likewise depicts what befalls the clans religion. As Western Civilization colonizes the African clans, the Africans culture lessens. Before long numerous Africans have left their own religion and divine beings to become Christians. A significant number of the Africans lose their own qualities and start to esteem the traditions of Western culture. The title is likewise exceptionally basic and secretive. Different books titles are ordinarily an article or saying from the book, yet Things Fall Apart is rarely discussed or raised in the novel. The peruser is compelled to consider what self-destructs or what this title has to do with the book. Things Fall Apart is essentially the focal point of the story. Achebe took the title of his book from The Second Coming (wr. 1919; bar. 1921), by William Butler Yeats (1865-1939; Irish). The sonnet is fundamentally the same as Okonkwos life and it bodes well that Achebe would utilize the line Things self-destruct; the middle can't hold; (Yeat 3). Okonkwo is excessively high in influence and riches and he cannot hold those things until the end of time. He starts to lose everything that he has endeavored to have. He initially loses Ikemefuna and gets discouraged and irate, and afterward he gets ousted to another town in the wake of murdering a man on mishap. Nwoye leaves him after to turn into an individual from the congregation and in the wake of returning to Umuofia, he executes a delegate for the Missionary and murders himself out of dread. As it says in the sonnet, Things self-destruct; the inside can't hold; Okonkwo cannot hold perpetually, so Things Fall Apart. 2. Historical Sketch: Chinua Achebe or, Albert Chinualumogu Achebe, was conceived November sixteenth, 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria. His dad, Isaiah, was a Protestant instructor in a preacher school. Chinua was raised strict which most likely gave him the possibility of the white men changing over the Towns numerous religions. Achebe went to University in Ibadan to 1953 and got a B.A. in English from the University of London. Initially, Achebe contemplated Medicine however it turned out to be excessively hard and he changed to English. In the event that Achebe had not changed to studying English, we would likely not have his scholarly works. A companion later persuaded him to instruct English and the school he educated at was based ashore where local people accepted the spirits were disagreeable. This is the way Achebe considered the possibility of the Evil Forest from Things Fall Apart. Things self-destruct was distributed in 1958. The tale was impacted by Achebes early life, including the issues of religion and culture move in Africa. His first book was a moment achievement and was even transformed into a play. Numerous writers don't turn into an effective, well known author on their first, second or even third book, Achebe did. He wedded Christie Okoli and had four youngsters together as he kept on composing books. Different books incorporate No Longer calm (1960), Arrow of God (1966) and Anthills of the Savanna (1987). On Achebes sixtieth birthday celebration, he was in a fender bender and his legs are presently deadened. Achebe is presently 79 years of age and educating at Bard College in New York. Chinua Achebe has gotten one of the most compelling scholars in Africa. His books have gotten acknowledged in Western Culture without his composing being impacted with the patterns of western culture. Achebe will be one of the great African authors for eternity. 3. Subjects: A significant topic in Things Fall Apart is things self-destruct. As recently talked separated, one of the significant clashes with Okonkwos life is everything around is self-destructing. Okonkwo was plainly cut for incredible things. He was as yet youthful however he had won acclaim as the best grappler in the nine towns. He was an affluent rancher and had two horse shelters brimming with sweet potatoes, and had recently hitched his third wife.(Achebe 8) This is taken from the main section of the book. Okonkwos life couldn't beat that; he had the effective ranch, spouses and kids however as his years progress, he loses a great deal of that riches. By the last part of the novel, Okonkwo has lost his previously conceived child Nwoye, his religion, and his town. Okonkwo has even ended it all, a demonstration viewed as an evil entity in his town; he can't be appropriately covered. The topic of things self-destructing reoccurs all through the whole book. Another subject in Things Fall Apart is the issue of Western colonization. During Okonkwos oust, bits of gossip start to spread of these white individuals on iron ponies and the decimation they caused in another town. At long last white individuals go to different towns to fabricate chapels and attempt to get others to follow their bizarre religion. Western colonization is has its advantages and disadvantages. For instance, without colonization, a few people wouldnt have the option to appreciate the solaces we have today. In any case, Western colonization additionally decimates ethnic societies. In the novel, numerous individuals start to follow this no-no religion which isolates the town into old and new culture. This division makes a detachment between the individuals and causes a great deal of hostility between the two sides. Okonkwo loses his child to the Christian religion and he feels like Nwoye is a merchant to him and his town. The issue of Western colonization starts in Chap ter 15 and proceeds as far as possible of the novel. Manliness is an essential subject for the fundamental character. Okonkwo continually discusses manliness and that it is so critical to be manly. To him, something is either female or manly, and in the event that it ladylike he doesn't do it. This deigning misogynist disposition influences his associations with individuals as well. He doesn't prefer to be related with anybody marginally viewed as feminine. This topic effectively means our reality as well. Numerous men believe things to be excessively womanly and won't be associated with these exercises. Men are either excessively pleased or not happy with themselves to break out of the exemplary manly generalization. Okonkwo has this equivalent issue and he must do manly things or, more than likely he feels like a lady (which is definitely not a terrible thing). His manly character is answerable for a large number of his activities in the novel. We see this topic return continually all through the novel. 4. Account Style: The book is written in third individual. The storyteller doesn't appear to be completely restricted or completely omniscient either. They never clarify what is happening inside a characters head however they know things that somebody with a constrained view would not know. A case of this is in this statement, He woke up once in the center of the night and his psyche returned to the previous three days without causing him to feel uncomfortable (Achebe 75) The storyteller recognizes what is in Okonkwos mind however doesnt mention to the crowd what hes words are in his brain. This shows the storyteller either is great at getting on a people groups feelings and activities (restricted) or recognizes what is in a characters mind however doesnt share it with the peruser (omniscient). The account style adds to the perusing in light of the fact that the consistent anticipating and unconscious future makes the peruser be encompassed into this outside world. Each page makes the peruser wonder what else will happen to Okonkwo and what will happen to his future? The third individual detail causes the peruser to feel like they are viewing the story from above. This Narrative style adds a divine resembling feel to the book and gives us portrayals to make a film of the book in our psyche. 5. Primary Characters: Okonkwo, the focal character, tall, shaggy eyebrows, lean and strolls discreetly and has a fast temper. Okonkwo is in the story since it is his life that self-destructs. Nwoye, Okonkwos child who is fundamentally the same as Okonkwos father, he jumps at the chance to play, recount to people stories and be wed. He is the one that causes Okonkwos stressing, Okonkwo is continually worried that Nwoye won't take care of business as is he. Ikemefuna, a kid from a neighboring town is given to Okonkwo to deal with. Ikemefuna turns into a piece of Okonkwos tribe; he tries sincerely and shows the characteristics of a genuine man. His manliness comes off on Nwoye which causes Okonkwo to turn out to be much fonder of him. When Okonkwo participates in Ikemefunas murder, Nwoyes relationship changes with his dad and it makes him become Christian later on. Ikemefuna isn't in the whole novel however he should be viewed as a principle character since his demise is the start of the descending winding for Okonkwo. Mr. Earthy colored is one of the main Christian preachers to go to the Ibo Villages. His is a decent man, exceptionally Christian-like. He helps convert a large number of the locals. Nwoye is with him now in the preacher and has left his father to turn out to be a piece of the Church. Minor Characters: Unoka, Okonkwos Father who is apathetic and an account holder. His difficulties cause Okonkwo to turn out to be so work driven and manly. Ezinma, Okonkwos little girl, is additionally the lone offspring of Ekwefi. Okonkwo frequently wishes Ezinma was a man. Ekwefi, Ezinmas mother is continually stressed over losing her lone youngster since she has had unnatural birth cycle huge numbers of times. The bond among her and Ezinma is exceptionally solid and she treats Ezinma with uncommon nourishments like eggs that are intended for extraordinary events. She is the second spouse of Okonkwo. Priestess or Chielo, the Oracle of the Hills and Caves is around a great deal however as two distinct individuals. During the day she is around the town as Chielo and is one of the ordinary ladies. She goes to the market and occasions in the town yet around evening time she turns into the Oracle of the Hills and Caves and its like she is taken over by another force. She showed Ekwefi a thing or two about being excessively close with her youngster and she is likewise an agent for the Gods. Reverend James Smith, mean and severe trade for Mr. Earthy colored. He causes a lot of anguish all through the town and causes numerous issues with the individuals o

Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD

Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD CPT can help you get unstuck from thoughts about your trauma. By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 06, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Cognitive processing therapy, also known as CPT, is a cognitive-behavioral treatment  focused on helping people who are stuck in their thoughts about a trauma. It is one of the most effective treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The treatment  takes 12 sessions. Overview Cognitive processing therapy was developed by Dr. Patricia Resick and other psychologists to treat the  symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)  among people who had experienced a  sexual assault. Today its widely used in the treatment of PTSD. CPT is based on the idea that PTSD symptoms stem from a conflict between pre-trauma beliefs about the self and world (for example, the belief that nothing bad will happen to me or that the world is a safe place) and post-trauma information (for example, the traumatic event is evidence that the world is a dangerous and hazardous place). These conflicts are called stuck points and are addressed through, among other techniques, writing about the traumatic event. Similar to exposure therapy for PTSD, cognitive processing therapy provides patients with information on PTSD and helps them confront unpleasant memories and thoughts associated with a traumatic event. In CPT, the patient is asked to write about his or her traumatic event in detail and is then instructed to read the story aloud repeatedly in and outside of sessions. The therapist helps the client identify and address stuck points and ?errors in thinking, which may include, for example, I am a bad person or I did something to deserve this. The therapist may help the patient address these errors or stuck points by having the client gather evidence for and against those thoughts. How It Works According to the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, there are four main parts of  cognitive processing therapy. They have to do with: Your PTSD symptoms. Learning about your specific PTSD symptoms and the benefits of treatment on them is the first step of CPT.Your thoughts and feelings. Youll learn to become more aware of what you think and feel about your trauma and how you may be stuck in beliefs that are hurting you.New skills. Youll learn how to question and challenge these thoughts and feelings and explore how you would prefer to think about the trauma.Changes in your beliefs. Youll learn about how its common for a persons thoughts and beliefs about the world to change after a trauma, and youll find out how to balance the way you saw the world before and the way you see it now. Your treatment will probably consist of twelve 60-minute sessions once or twice a week. These will either take place in a group setting or alone. The Difference Between CPT and Exposure Therapy Cognitive processing therapy is somewhat different from exposure therapy for PTSD. Although exposure therapy helps people confront memories or thoughts about a traumatic event, it doesnt always assist people in addressing these errors in thinking. CPT therapists have people confront feared thoughts and memories associated with a traumatic event, as well as assist patients in connecting with corrective information for maladaptive, unrealistic or problematic thoughts that may be driving PTSD symptoms. How to Find a CPT Therapist If you are interested in receiving CPT, there are a number of helpful provider locator search engines on the internet that can help you find a treatment provider in your area. You can also learn more about CPT from the National Center for PTSD and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. If youre a veteran, CPT services are now available through the VA. The VAs Office of Mental Health Services has trained VA therapists nationwide to use CPT in treatment for PTSD. Talk to your VA health care provider about incorporating CPT into your PTSD treatment plan. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Communication Translating the Written Into Dialogue - Literature Essay Samples

In Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary, the quest for the sublime and perfect expression seems to be trapped in the inability to successfully verbalize thoughts and interpret the words of others. The relationship between written words and how they are translated into dialogue and action is central in evaluating Emmas actions and fate, and ultimately challenges the reader to look at the intricacies of communication. Flauberts portrayal of Emmas reading habits provides the basic framework for evaluating the way she processes information. In the purest representation of Emmas readership, she picked up a book, and then, dreaming between the lines let it drop on her knees.(43). Flaubert uses reading to establish Emmas short attention span to any thoughts outside of her own. The book falling towards the floor symbolically creates the space for her illusions notice Flaubert chooses the word dreaming instead of reading, stressing her imaginative tendencies rather than those of a critical na ture. In representing Emmas interpretation skills, her distortion of the material becomes a semi-conscious decision because she chooses to deviate from the original text, but at times her manipulation of words is more accurately described as misinterpretation. When Leon praises the entertainment value of the simplistic novels containing noble characters, pure affections, and pictures of happiness, she misses his further conclusion that since these works fail to touch the heart, they miss, it seems to me, the true end of art (59). The subtext implies that she is incapable of distinguishing differences in the quality of expressions and understanding emotional depth because it is these same novels that she judges as the pinnacles of expression. From the outset, Flaubert acknowledges that Emmas quest is destined to failure because she is trying to imitate passion from material that lacks it initially. Ironically, Emma seems to recognize the implausibility of the ideals that guide he r actions; she detest[s] commonplace heroes and moderate feelings, as one finds them in nature (59). Flaubert seems to be asking how conscious Emma is in forming her delusions and subsequently how this relates to her accountability. Charles provides a comic foil for Emmas inability to comprehend the undefinable sentiments of love which she [tries] to construct from the books she read[s] (206). He may undertake more serious reading endeavors such as La Ruche Medicale, but his more pronounced inability to interpret or even comprehend anything let alone stay awake five minutes demonstrates a more primitive version of Emmas delusional state of dreaming (44). The second time Charles embarks on a reading assignment about how to perform surgery he can not even pronounce the scientific terminology about how to describe the medical deviations of the foot (125). Flaubert suggests that the words may run through a mans mind but to be able to understand them in a relational context, compreh ension, and pronounce them, expression, represents the challenges of the interpretive process. Charles mutilation of his patient embodies the distortion which the human mind creates in the interpretive process.By illustrating the difficulty in translating ideas between the different mediums of writing, speech and thought, Flaubert partially exonerates human beings for the inevitable distortion. Emma expresses the incompatibility of thoughts and words in describing her conversations with Leon: they sometimes stopped short of revealing their thoughts in full, and then sought to invent a phrase that might nevertheless express it. (168). Humanity appears doomed to live an existence in which the human tongue is like a cracked cauldron on which we beat out tunes (138). The incongruity of this metaphor reinforces the imperfect process of using words as the conduit for communication. Perhaps Leons indifference to the vibrations of love whose subtleties he could no longer distinguish suggests that repeated exposure to highly emotional material ultimately desensitizes mans powers of interpretation (211).Emmas appetite for lurid novels where there would be scenes of orgies, violence, and bloodshed (210) allows the audience to examine the consequences of exposure to extreme literature. The explosive action in fiction contrasts with the more monotonous activities of daily life, helping to explain why Emma begins to find in adultery all the platitudes of marriage (211). Emma seems quite capable of digesting the emotionally vacant, didactic instructions contained in her reading of fashion. Her ability to hang curtains according to the latest custom suggests that she can process clear and directive texts which allow little room for deviation from the authors intent; yet she errs in reading novels as vehicles of the same instructional purpose. Flaubert implicitly suggests that the novel as a genre can be harmful if it overwhelms the senses to the point that they are d ulled both in interpretation of the written word and life. He subtly creates the space for the reader to come to this conclusion by ironically making the story of Emmas hysterics and tragedy seem uneventful, thus allowing the reader to better evaluate their use in the novel. Leon frames this issue when he asks, Where could she [Emma] have learnt this corruption so deep and well masked as to be almost unseizable? (201). Perhaps one might even be able to transfer some of the responsibility to novelists, the manufacturers of this corruption (201) that makes her insensitive to the extremes of emotion and action. Flaubert reminds us throughout that Emma makes a conscious decision to expose herself to romantic fiction. Even when she is advised to direct her attentions elsewhere when facing medical difficulties, she prefers always sitting in her room reading (59). As Emma derives all of her visions of an ideal world from the flat constructs of a page, the shallowness of the inspiration pervades her character. Literary imagery and cliches saturate Emmas conception of love, suggesting that her thoughts are little more than abstractions of that which she reads on the page.Love, she thought, must come suddenly, with great outbursts and lightning a hurricane of the skies, which sweeps down on life, upsets everything, uproots the will like a leaf and carries away the heart in an abyss (71).Despite Emmas search for eternal passion, the banality of her thoughts and failure to evolve beyond this dream prevent her from actually developing into a round character. Flaubert communicates to the reader by forcing him to watch Emma act out the same hopeless romantic vision with Charles, Leon, and Rodolphe and ultimately creates a scathing warning against living life through a novel. Emmas physical state during pregnancy in which she was filling out over her uncorseted hips (62) creates a dimensional contrast to the flatness of her affection for her baby which was perhaps impai red from the start (63). Though Emmas inability to interpret the emotional gravity of new life and the potential for new love suggests a deficit in her reading of life, Flaubert even implies her an innate disability in appropriate expression. Such a suggestion which might create sympathy for Emma, if she were not aspiring to be the mistress of all the novels, the heroine of all the dramas, the vague she of all volumes of verse (192). The consciousness with which she undertakes her goals creates a responsibility for her actions which an innate dullness or flatness of character can not excuse. Through letters Flaubert illustrates how Emmas literal interpretation of the novels results in a consciousness that blurs the spheres of reality and fiction. Emma writes letters which are inspired by a phantom fashioned out of her most ardent memories, of her favorite books, her strongest desires, (211) and only in these vague ecstasies of imaginary love (212) is she able to find fulfillment, suggesting that Emmas happiness will always be trapped by the confines of the page and her imagination. Letters provide an interesting vehicle to explore Emmas attempt to express her herself. They represent her conscious attempt to capture the thoughts she has derived from the words of another on a page and raise an interesting question about how the ability to express emotions relates to ones ability to interpret them. Again, Flaubert holds Emma accountable for her delusions because she recognizes the fall back to earth (211). Her insincere motivations for writing Leon to keep with the notion that a woman must write to her lovers further erodes any compassionate response from the audience (211). The motif of reading extends to the readers relationship to the text of Madame Bovary; Emma can be seen as both Flaubert as an author and as a representative reader of the work. It has been documented that Flaubert would lose touch with reality just as Emma does throughout the writing o f the work; he would become so involved in his heroines plights that he often became physically ill. This strong identification with her as a character suggests Emmas battles mirror his struggle as an author. Both search for ultimate expression facing the constraints of reality within a finite combination of words. In trying to bridge the gap between romantic visions and expressing them in real life, the words or the actions are always an inferior derivative of true feeling because the variety of feelings are all hidden within the same expressions (138). His exploration of Emmas delusions could represent his fear that his audience is missing the message of his work, which is grounded in reality. Emma represents the innate frailties of a reader that will always distort how his message is received. Flauberts acknowledgement of the struggle for understanding between sender and receiver as represented in Emma challenges us to evaluate her interpretive abilities and more intimately, forces us to ask questions about our own readership. Just as he holds Emma accountable for any consequences of her interpretation and expression, he seems to be asserting that both he and the audience must accept mutual responsibility for the interpretation of the text.